Peak/Speleothem architecture resembles forms found in nature, like mountain peaks or mineral formations found in caves. Designs that resemble these natural formations are identified when they decrease in size as they extend upward, often to a tapered point. This architecture is categorized in groups, but it is important to note that no two buildings within the group are the same.

One of the earliest examples of this architype can be found in the work of Ivan Leonidov’s, City of the Sun. His sketches, inspired by the utopian writings of Italian philosopher, Tommaso Campanella, imagines a utopian city characterized by tall and luminous parabolic/conical towers. The sun, casting its light on the structures, is shown to be as warm as the towers themselves. Besides his personal depiction of the forms, Leonidov describes a city full of light, color, and air. He experiments communicating his interpretations by experimenting with different materials and techniques, such as plywood and pencil sketches.
Peak/Speleothem architecture has the potential to create a place much like Leonidov imagined. Its shape naturally builds itself up, directing one’s attention upward. Because of these qualities, this architecture can distinguish itself from its surroundings, making it at times a monumental like structure.